[War] The Korea Six: "The Vladivostok Conference- Part I"

[Michael Downey]

"The Vladivostok Conference"
Assembled Leaders of the Korea Six
15 March 2014
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Security at the  convention site in Vladivostok was beyond tight. This
wasn't some friendly  get-together to discuss trade and global warming.
This was a top-level  meeting meant to prevent a growing crisis in the
Far East from spiraling into  an armed conflict between the world's two
superpowers. Thus, there were many  forces of extremism and chaos that
would desperately want to see this  conference fail. For Allah, for
communism, for the environment or whatever  bizarre ideology people
like that followed. Armed guards at every corner, no  cars near the
building itself save for Army vehicles and the cars of the  invited
delegates, and a three kilometer no-fly zone.

Denemetov had  spuriously suggested the Vladivostok Conference might be
Nemerenko's ticket  to a top spot in the history books. The man who
prevented the Second Cold  War. He knew she had been joking, of course,
but even that rubbed him the  wrong way. He wasn't doing this for
himself, for some sort of legacy. He was  doing this because war was
bad for business. War was bad for Russia.  Especially a war, covert or
overt, between China and the United  States.

Pragmatism. Always pragmatism.

Two guards pushed open the  double wooden doors of the opulent
conference room, a releic of the Romanov  era that had a certain
decadence that suited the Soviets, with crisp salutes  as Denemetov
lead the delegates into the room with the utmost courtesy. There  was
no media, no photographers or microphones. The sensitivity of  the
talks and the security demands of the involved governments  prevented
that. Besides, the media was always a hinder in situations like  this.
The news would get what they needed to know after the  fact.

"Assembled leaders, honored guests," said the Russian President  once
everyone had been seated and the doors closed by the guards.  Earpieces
had been provided for each delegate which were connected to a  hardwire
audio system on the other end of which were a slew of SVR  translators.
Nemerenko spoke in Russian for political reason. Only Sato  spoke
Japanese and speaking English might be interpreted as a slight  by
Hong, favoritism towards the Americans. "I thank you all for  attending
this conference here in Vladivostok, capital of the Russian Far  East.
It is unfortunate that we must meet under the circumstances that  we
do, but it is my belief we can leave this conference with a  better
understanding of our respective nations at the conclusion.

"Let  me state the objectives of this conference: stability in the Far
East,  stability in North Korea and a normalization of relations
between the United  States of America and the People's Republic of
China. How and when we come to  realize these objectives is not for me
to say, but for this council of  nations to decide. With that, I would
invite each one of you to give an  opening statement outlining the
position of your government. We will go by  alphabetical order,
starting with the People's Republic of  China."

President Williams had come in low-profile: VC-25 to  Elmendorf,
followed by a Cessna Citation to Vladivostok. In his memory, as  he
looked out the window as the plane came in for a landing, he had  mused
over how unlikely this would have been even 15 years  before.
Vladivostok had, until 1992, been a closed city. It was still  the
Russian Pearl Harbor...Just, colder.

Now, he was seated in the  conference hall, and he subtly turned his
earpiece on as President Hong began  to speak. The interpreters were
good, but he preferred to do it himself if he  could. Quietly, he took
notes for review later, listening intently to  Hong...Well, her
translator, but anyway.

Sato listened to the his  translator and not for the first time since
taking
office wished he had  learned Mandarin. His arrival had been
wonderfully low
key, he flew
in by a  small military VIP transport plane and was pleased to see
there were
no
ceremonies or cameras waiting as he descended the gang way.  Simply an
official from the
Russian government who shook his hand and rode with him to  the summit
site.
If only more
summits were like this things might actually  get done.

Xia had found it funny that, given her country's name was technically
'People's Republic of China' that she, and not Prime Minister Sato,
was  beginning,
but figured Nemerenko had used the shortened versions either to
specifically
put China first, or simply to facilitate discussion.   Whichever, she
doubted
there would be much in the way of progress made  here.  "Thank you
President
Nemerenko for the honor of the invitation, and  I would like to
personally
thank the respective representatives from each nation  for coming.
The position
of China has been iterated and reiterated  repeatedly since the first
evidence
of American involvement in North Korea  became available.  Stability
in Asia
is, and of right ought to be of  paramount concern at this
conference.  It was
the reason behind Chinese  intervention in North Korea, and is the
reason we
are turning over control  of operations on the northern half of the
peninsula
slowly but surely to a still  organizing North Korean Army.  When the
time is
right, China  will happily withdraw her forces from the peninsula all
together
if so  requested from it's legitimate government..." she stopped here
and
noticed  everyone looking around at their translators.  With an inward
chuckle she
 decided just to go with English, switching from a native Mandarin to
a clean
 Californian non-accent in less time than it took to snap your
fingers.  "As
I was saying, China is a firm believer in the international  principle
of
sovereignty, and it was a sober decision to make with regards to  Korean
intervention... but I could not watch more than twenty-million kill
themselves and
each other in a Civil War knowing that I had at my disposal the
capability to
prevent it.  This takes us to the issue of stability in North
Korea... in the
one year that Chinese forces have been in country, a formal
governmental body
has been created, peace made between rival war lords, and the  rule of
law
instituted, and elections are being planned for January to finalize  a
North
Korean governing Constitution and solidify a permanent government.
The NKA and
it's other armed forces are rising in strength and numbers, and  massive
humanitarian aid projects unlike any the world has ever seen are
ongoing  to
provide the nation with the capacity to stand on it's own.  Key
infrastructure is
being repaired, and capitalist markets established.  I  bring all this
up to
make it clear what exactly the American government put at  risk simply
to kill
brave PLA soldiers.  By giving those orders Mister  President..." at
this point
she stared directly at Williams.  "You've done  far more than take the
lives
of innocent men tasked with bringing peace to North  Korea.  You've
done far
more than eliminate family lines for several  families, but by actively
supporting and organizing an illegal resistance you've  spat in the
face of
International Law, and put at risk the very achievements you  'claim'
to be in support
of.  As we speak, the American Navy is conducting  'drills' off
Chinese soil,
and selling arms to a rogue province which is 'still'  under Chinese
autonomy.
 Despite repeated reassurances that your captured  spies will receive
a fair
trial and be treated humanely, in your ignorant  righteousness you've
moved to
embargo Chinese goods necessary to your own  people, and have pushed
this
world to the brink of economic disaster.  And  then, rather than
apologize and
correct these 'glaring' misjudgments in policy,  you opt to go on a
world wide
propaganda campaign based on lies and  insinuation.  Nations have gone
to war
for far less grievous actions Mister  President, and I strongly urge
you to
reconsider making any 'demands' of  China."

She then turned her attention back to addressing the room.  "The
following
are pre-conditions for a 'normalization' of relations with the United
States.
One, President Williams himself will make a public apology to the
world for
all the outlined failures of his policy, and accept full
responsibility for
their consequences.  Two, the baseless accusations  raised at the
World Trade
Organization are to be dropped.  Three, the  United States will begin
negotiations with North Korea to formally recognize  it's existence as
an independent,
sovereign nation in the form of a treaty  ratified accordingly.  Four,
the
United States will recall 'all' of it's  forces currently operating
off the
shores of the Province of Taiwan and  immediately issue via executive
decree or
whatever such means are available, an  apology for violating Chinese
territorial
sovereignty.  Five, any agents of  the Chinese government, currently in
American custody, will be released.   Likewise China will
reciprocate.  Six, the
United States will agree and  commit to negotiations regarding a non-
aggression
treaty with the People's  Republic.  Seven, the idiotic embargo
unlawfully
placed on Chinese goods be  rescinded immediately.  Eight, the United
States will
immediately reimburse  the People's Republic for all costs relating to
the
benefits to be paid out, and  burial of, those troops confirmed killed
in action
as a direct result of it's  unlawful actions in North Korea.  Nine,
the United
States will immediately  cease all covert operations in Asia, period.
And
Ten, the United States  will agree in principle that it's forward
deployment of
troops in Asia 'should'  be a temporary measure aimed at allowing the
nations
of Asia to build their own,  independent, means of defense... and that
upon
determination that the nations  where American troops 'are' deployed are
sufficiently capable of defending  themselves as made by the United
Nations General
Assembly, will withdraw these  forces."

Nemerenko nodded in acknowledgment of Hong's statement. Harsh demands
from China, a predictable outcome given the circumstances. He just
hoped there wouldn't be any Khrushchev-like antics from anyone. It
would be bad forum to bang one's shoe on such a lovely table.

"Thank you President Hong. I would next like to invite Prime Minister
Sato to speak."

Sato rose and bowed a deep respectful bow to the Russian President.
"Thank you," he said in English as he put on his glasses and took a
glance at his index cards on which his notes were on, shook his head
slightly and put them in his pocket. He left the glasses on though,
they made him look somewhat grandfatherly, which was fitting he was
the oldest man in the room.

"Thank you President Nemerenko," he said in slightly accented English.
"I sit here and look around the table and see the 'usual suspects' of
Asian instability. Over the last century or so, we have all warred
against one another and suffered for it. Now we stand again on the
verge of a new war, perhaps a cold one, but a war all the same, and I
hope we can find the wisdom today to avert that.

"Japan is not innocent in these recent events, we have done our part
out of fear of our old enemies, to tear down what was in the end a
positive change because we did not trust those who were behind it. For
that, Japan begs forgiveness. However, tainted as we may be by
deception and fear, Japan's position is that we must set aside our
distrust of one another and embrace compromise or we shall find
ourselves locked in the same dance, that has held us for over a
century, and as usual, when the song ends, we shall find ourselves
weaker for it. I hope that we are not alone in this desire.

"So while Japan has no specific objectives at this meeting but that we
resolve this matter and come away from it at peace, we do put forward
as a suggestion, that all members of this summit put their names to a
non-aggression treaty that will at the very least stop us from
pursuing this matter into the insanity of open war. I thank you all."

He bowed deeply to the assembled leaders and then sat down putting his
glasses away in his coat pocket as he did.

"Thank you Prime Minister," said Nemerenko. Sato's goals were not all
that dissimilar from Nemerenko's; stability in the Far East and an end
to the constant squabbling between the same nations over and over. The
idea of a non-aggression pact between China and the United States
seemed a bit far-fetched to the Russian leader, but you never knew. "I
would now invite the representative from North Korea to speak."

"Thank you Mister President."  The North Korean leader, fairly
youthful but with subtle scars of a veteran of the NKA, smiled to the
assembled leaders.  "Let me begin by first saying I deeply appreciate,
and admire, all gathered here to discuss the future of my nation.  I
am happy to see the world community take such an interest in us
finally, and hope that this may be the start of a new page in North
Korean history.  One of international openness.

This being said, your concerns are needless.  Since the Civil War has
ended, law and order has been established.  Once empty streets are now
brimming with traffic, bike traffic mainly, but traffic."  He smiled.
"Stores are opening, and for once North Koreans have the basic frame
work of an economy.  We have a military and police force being
re-trained in new, fantastic ways to provide for the common security,
and hospitals, schools, universities, and government services are
being restored.  I am not naive enough to believe that my words will
sway anyone here, as it seems rather obvious that your decisions
regarding my people's fate have already been made.  However the fact
remains that without the intervention of China, the Civil War would
have caused catastrophic problems.  Imagine trails of millions of
refugees swarming across the Yalu, or even the DMZ?  Would either
China, or South Korea, have the capacity to care for so many newcomers
in their condition?  By taking a pre-emptive action, China has guarded
against this possibility.  My people now receive what they need, and
dare I say what they want, on their own soil.  The insurgency as it
stands, were it not for well-meaning but misguided American
intervention, would be ended by now.  it is composed mainly of
criminals and out laws bent on their own thirst for power, rather than
working in the framework of the transitional government now
established.  I respect the American Administration's desire to see
positive improvements in North Korea, and welcome the American
government to being an open partner in the distribution of economic
and humanitarian aid.  During the border crisis, it was American ships
working in conjunction with Chinese soldiers and North Korean agents
that alleviated one of the greatest disasters ever faced by man
kind... that is the kind of results I would like to see those here
channel their collective resources towards.

I will add before turning the floor over, that it is the opinion of my
government that Chinese support will be needed for the immediate
future.  There is a lot of work that must be done, and I trust
President Hong when she says Chinese troops will leave when the
mission is complete.  I do not intend to ask for much, simply that my
people be given the chance to develop, free of 'hostile' international
intervention, into a flourishing member of the international
community."

Moderate words from the North Korean representative. Was he a Chinese
puppet? Nemerenko would wait and see before casting his final
judgement. "I thank the North Korean representative. President Lee, I
believe it is now your turn to speak."
- Hide quoted text -

President Lee of the Republic of Korea, stony faced, whether out of
determination or a stomach ailment, began to speak.

"I would like to thank President Nemerenko for convening and hosting
this summit in an attempt to head off a most urgent and dangerous
crisis.  It is the hope of my government that a peaceful arrangement
may be reached.

"The honorable President of the People's Republic of China has, as is
her nation's right, stated her stance.  The Republic of Korea can not,
however, agree with either her interpretation of events or with her
demands of my government's ally, the United States of America.

"She states that the People's Republic could not sit by and watch the
populace of the northern Korean peninsula destroy itself in a civil
war.  Such a statement is fundamentally flawed.  And while I can not
doubt that the Chinese government made a most serious and 'sober'
decision to *invade* the northern Korean peninsula, such a decision
was made not only in contravention to international law, but also I am
quite certain with less than admirable intentions.

"As to the latter, though the so-called Democratic People's Republic
of Korea was no doubt a troublesome regime to all her neighbors from
time to time, there is no doubt in the minds of the government and
people of the Republic of Korea that from the Chinese perspective the
*existence* of North Korea was and is seen as a buffer and client
state, one of the few the Chinese could claim and, thanks to their
invasion, can continue to claim with a high degree of truth.  The
existence of North Korea is I am sure a strategic and political
imperative for the Chinese government.  Moral decency and compassion
do not enter into this analysis.

"Moreover, despite your attempts to portray American actions in
northern Korea as spitting in the face of international law, it is the
Chinese government, more than all others who have willfully and
wantonly disregarded international law.  First and foremost, no matter
what the conditions, the tragedy, or the horror which may or may not
exist in any given state, that state's sovereignty may not be
abrogated on the whim or decision, no matter how compassionate, of any
other state.  Such internal disorder may only be subject to
intervention by international forces when and only when such disorder
has been determined to be a threat to the peace between nations, and
that such a threat has been recognized as such by the United Nations.
And, having made such a determination, it is up to the United Nations
to organize and command such measures as are thought to be necessary
to ensure that international peace and stability can be maintained, if
necessary by intervention in the affairs of a sovereign state.

"Certainly this latest intervention by the People's Republic of China
had no such authorization.  The Chinese government, so often and so
outspokenly in the past an opponent of intervention in the internal
affairs of other states, such as the recent case of the Darfur crisis
in the Sudan, has turned completely to a willingness to violate the
sovereignty of a state because it suits its own purposes and agenda,
whatever these may be.  The difference between China's rhetoric and
its actions, clear enough already in the past, is now stark.

"Having invaded Korea, the Chinese government has decided that it, and
it alone, has the right to determine northern Korea's future.  It has
excluded all others from the reconstruction process, both physical and
legal, of the north excepting those states willing to pass no
judgement, and to not interfere, on the actions of the Chinese
government and the course that the Chinese government, and the Chinese
government alone, has decided for northern Korea.  The Chinese
government has not only invaded northern Korea, it has illegally
established a security presence counter to the interest of the Korean
people, and with no international legal standing.

"Indeed, it has prevented the United Nations Command in Korea,
established under United Nation Security Council Resolution 84 in
1950, a resolution still in force, from exercising its mandate to
restore peace and security in Korea, following the unlawful aggression
of those in control of northern Korea at that time.  This resolution,
indeed, followed United Nation Security Council Resolution 82 which
expressed the never refuted interest of the United Nations to restore
the unity of the Korean state, and that the Republic of Korea was, to
the extent of the United Nations' ability to determine, the *only*
lawful government in and of Korea.  That the so-called Democratic
People's Republic of Korea was, in light and in spite of this, allowed
to exist owes not to any concession by my government, but to
unalterable realities on the ground.

"The intervention of vast numbers of Chinese military forces in
northern Korea also contravenes the armistice ending the war between
the so-called Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the United
Nations Command in Korea.  The armistice provided that neither side
would be allowed to quickly send troops into the Korean peninsula.
While the People's Republic of China technically has or had no
official involvement in said conflict, these forces were certainly not
troops of either the forces of northern Korea or of the Army of the
Republic of Korea, and were not and are not under the command of the
United Nations Command in Korea, which by standing United Nation
resolutions is under United States leadership.  Thus, as neither a
force welcome to either the Republic of Korea or, as part of or in
conjunction to, the United Nations Command in Korea, it can only be
inferred that the Chinese army's intervention was an intervention on
the behalf of the so-called Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Additionally, while the People's Republic of China never had any
*official* interest or stake in the "Korean War", it is beyond doubt
that many of the People's Republic's citizens fought on the side of
the forces of northern Korea, though perhaps not in any manner which
could be incontestably determined to be officially sanctioned by the
government of the People's Republic of China, though the possibility
remains.

"Furthermore, Madam President, you claim that the American activities
in northern Korea, of which my government has no direct involvement,
are in and of themselves a great tragedy, and threaten your
government's attempts to build a paradise for the "grateful" people of
northern Korea.  I would point out that no insurgency can exist
without great dissent from the authorities that the insurgency is
attempting to overthrow.  The provision of supplies or weapons to such
insurgents might make their work easier, but it does not in and of
itself make their work.  If citizens of northern Korea are striking
out at your forces, it is not because they have been cajoled into
doing so, it is because they will it.  It is because they desire it.
It is because they *wish* to resist your army of occupation that they
have gladly accepted the freely offered assistance of the United
States of America.  Even if the United States were to cease all
involvement, Chinese soldiers would die because oppressed Koreans,
finding themselves in an occupied northern Korea, would find a way to
kill them.

"I would here give pause to the President of the People's Republic of
China.  For if China would seek to refute the Republic of Korea's
claim to be the rightful government of northern Korea, citing perhaps
the lack of effective control over said territory over the past few
decades despite the maintenance of said claims, how could the world
look on China's own claims with regard to the island of Taiwan.
Korea's disunity is a historical artifact of the Cold War, and the
Republic of Korea has ever and always looked forward to the day when
Korea and more importantly the Korean people would cease to be
divided, that the forced and intolerable disunion forced upon Korea by
outside forces should end.  All of my government's, and the
governments' of my predecessors, actions with regard to the so-called
Democratic People's Republic of Korea were made with a view towards
eventually reestablishing the historical and popular unity of the
Korean people, whether the tactics employed were accommodating or
unaccommodating.

"Madam President, you are at the moment in a position of might.  But
might does not make right, and you are certainly not in the right.
You have invaded and occupied my nation with a view towards making yet
another client state in the territory of the Republic of Korea.  My
government, and for almost the past seventy years, has been forced to
accept the disunion of our country.  We can perhaps wait longer still,
but we will not condone or cooperate in acts, proposals, or threats
which extend the period of disunion of my nation."

Williams listened to the statements attentively, taking notes to lock
his memory.

*Thank you, President Lee. Good to know I have -some- friends. Wish I
could have hid the bags under my eyes, though. Thank God the press
isn't around.*

Speaking into his microphone in English, he didn't bother to do more
than glance at his notes.

"As with my counterparts, I offer my thanks to President Nemerenko for
inviting all of us to this summit.

"This is decidedly not the occasion or circumstances under which I
would prefer to be in Vladivostok, but today is not about the city in
which we sit.

"Much of what President Lee said had merit. In fact, this is a key
point to many Americans. This situation, inevitably, brings echoes of
iraq."

"Today is not about Iraq, a war I carry a round from under my skin. I
did not agree with it; I thought it was badly timed and badly planned.
With the exception of courageous countries such as the Republic of
Korea, most of the world refused to help in any way, in peace or war -
speaking as the
soldier I was then, I thought the hint should have been obvious when
our allies were generally believing it to be a bad idea.

"Speaking as the President I am now, I cannot help but note the irony.
Almost despite itself, Iraq turned out to be at least minimally
successful.

"Was it a mistake to go in, though? Yes. We pulled out a semblance of
a victory, but
going in was a mistake. We won by valor and no small amount of luck.
Has the United States rightly been reminded of
it, again and again, by friends and rivals alike? Yes, though perhaps
rather redundantly by now. And yet, I'd like to think that for nations
as well as individuals, mistakes can be redeemed. That even those who
have erred can find redemption.

"But enough about Iraq.

"Madam President, we both are parents. My son is rather too young as
of yet, but how often did you tell yours 'two wrongs don't make a
right'? Often, I bet.

"And yet, that is what you claim. I will not. My reaction to your
intervention was considered through the fog of misinformation, the
crushing pressure of domestic audiences to do *something*.

"I have killed, Madam President. I have lost friends, brothers really,
to war. It has made me deaf to protestations of innocence from
politicians such as us.

"Nobody in this room is innocent. The first tank to start its engines,
the first soldier to board a vehicle, the first unit to cross the Line
of Departure. That is when we all failed. The blood of every person to
have died in the months since...My hands are bathed in it. President
Hong, your hands are bathed in it. The hands of every person in this
room is bathed in the blood of those who have died to Chinese or
Korean bullets.

"Others may bring forth legal arguments. I will not. I cannot. For
when the first man under my command died in combat in Iraq, to a
sniper a day before we were supposed to go home, I escorted his
remains home. I helped to bury his casket.

"Everyone in this room killed this past year. Through action or
inaction. To then presume to bargain as though lives are commodities
in a Baghdad souk does not make us statesmanlike; It makes us monsters.

"For all these reasons, for the many reasons enumerated by my
counterpart from the Republic of Korea, I cannot accept the demands of
the Chinese side.

"My counteroffer is simple: Status Quo Ante. Remove foreign persons
between the Yalu and the DMZ. Release all prisoners to their
homelands. A five-power authority will prepare for a North Korean
plebiscite with two options: Reunion with the South, or independence
and neutrality. China will be able to walk the long, hard road of
redemption, as we have.

"And, I pray, the guns will fall silent. I have seen enough of war."

And now the conch passed full circle, back into the hands of
Nemerenko. He gave careful consideration to what he was going to say.
No one was going to leave here with everything they wanted, that much
was for sure. Even Russia and Japan, who merely wanted regional
stability and had no immediate military or territorial objectives,
would be satisfied. Of that much he was sure.

"Before I begin, I will emphasize that I am merely a moderator and no
way an arbiter," said Nemerenko. "The truth of this situation is that
no state present can be forced to do anything. Save by force of arms,
but that is a scenario no one at this table wants. To begin, President
Williams," he turned to face the American leader. "Whatever your
reasons, whatever China may or may not be responsible for, the actions
taken by the CIA are unacceptable. What you have done is a reckless
and irresponsible agitation of a dangerous situation. China has
violated no international law by arresting your operatives, while you
have violated the principles of state sovereignty by dispatching them
to begin with. The reality is that if you did not desire your men to
face a Chinese firing squad or prison term, you should not have
dispatched them to arm insurgents fighting the PLA. Your meddling has
made this situation worse, and compromised the legitimacy of American
involvement in any resolution."

He then turned to regard Hong. "President Hong, and to your North
Korean college, I must find fault with any assertion that the
insurgency in North Korea is purely an American product. Not that the
actions of the United States have not prolonged the insurgency, they
have. But it is my opinion that the critical factor driving North
Korean citizens to fight the PLA is the exceedingly poor behavior of
the Chinese military in regards to its treatment of the North Korean
populace. That these actions are not ordered or sanctioned by you,
President Hong, is immaterial. Your government is responsible for the
actions of its soldiers. And your soldiers have behaved like animals.
You have promised resolution to this yet the latest reports from both
the world media and our own respective intelligence agencies-" he cast
a look around the table to all others present, "indicates that human
rights education among your troops is still a totally foreign concept.
China may have prevented a bloody civil war that could have killed
many millions. Still immaterial. To sit here and say that China is the
Saviour of North Korea and the rest of the world should just mind its
own business while your men brutalize its population as we speak now
in this very room compromises your legitimacy as well."

He leaned back and folded his hands on the table, letting the two
leaders absorb what he had just said. Both were proud, stubborn, maybe
even a bit paranoid. And their relationship with Russia was complex.
Both saw Russia as a potential ally, source of resources for their
hungry economies, and both also saw Russia as an potential enemy. That
would certainly color their reaction.

"The opinion I offer is as follows: one, the United States of America
must affirm that it will no longer conduct any covert actions aimed at
arming insurgent groups in North Korea or take any other action that
will sow chaos and instability in North Korea, and furthermore agree
to take no punitive actions against China for the arrest of the two
CIA operatives arrested by Chinese authorities. Two, the People's
Republic of China should accept a UN-sanctioned monitoring group
attached to the regional PLA command in North Korea to observe the
activities of Chinese forces and ensure no further human rights
violations are carried out by Chinese soldiers." Nemerenko paused once
again to let the translators work and for the leaders to think. "I
would invite Japan and South Korea to voice their views before we here
the viewpoints of America, China and North Korea."
---

End of Part I